1. ʻAno kahiko o nā mea polymer
ʻO nā mea polymer i ke kaʻina hana, mālama a hoʻohana ʻia, ma muli o ka hana piha o nā mea i loko a me waho, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia kona mau waiwai, no laila ka pau ʻana o ka waiwai hoʻohana, pili kēia ʻano i ka ʻelemakule o nā mea polymer.
ʻAʻole kēia e hoʻopau wale i nā kumuwaiwai, akā ke alakaʻi nei i nā pōʻino nui aʻe ma muli o kāna hana ʻole ʻana, a ʻo ka decomposition o nā mea i hana ʻia e kona ʻelemakule hiki ke hoʻohaumia i ke kaiapuni.
Ma muli o nā ʻano polymer ʻokoʻa a me nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻohana ʻana, aia nā ʻano mea ʻelemakule a me nā hiʻohiʻona.Ma keʻano laulā, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻelemakule o nā mea polymer i nā ʻano hoʻololi ʻehā:
Hoʻololi i ka helehelena
Aia nā ʻili, nā ʻili, nā laina kālā, nā māwae, ka hau, ka pauka, ka huluhulu, ka ʻāʻī, ka maka iʻa, ka mūmū, ka emi ʻana, ke ʻā, ka distortion optical a me nā loli i ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻike.
Hoʻololi i nā waiwai kino
Me ka solubility, ka pehu, nā waiwai rheological a me ke kū'ē anu, ka pale wela, ka wai permeability, ka ea a me nā mea'ē aʻe o ka loli.
Hoʻololi i nā waiwai mechanical
Ka ikaika tensile, ka ikaika kulou, ka ikaika shear, ka ikaika hopena, ka elongation pili, ka hoʻomaha hoʻomaha, etc.
Hoʻololi i nā waiwai uila
E like me ka pale ʻana o ka ʻili, ka nui o ke kūpaʻa, ka dielectric mau, ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ikaika o ka uila.
2. Nā kumu e hoʻomāmā ai i nā mea polymer
No ka mea, i ka hana polymer, ke kaʻina hana, e hoʻopili ʻia e ka wela, ka oxygen, ka wai, ka māmā, nā microorganism a me nā mea kūlohelohe e like me ka hui pū ʻana o ke kemika o kona haku mele a me ke ʻano hiki ke hana i nā ʻano hoʻololi. e like me ka lauoho paʻakikī, palupalu, paʻa, discoloration, nalowale o ka ikaika a pēlā aku, ua kapa ʻia kēia mau loli a me ke ʻano he ʻelemakule.
ʻO ka polymer kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o ka hana o ka wela a i ʻole ka māmā e hana i nā molekole hauʻoli, ke kiʻekiʻe ka ikehu, e uhaʻi ke kaulahao mole e hana i nā radical manuahi, hiki i nā radical manuahi ke hana i ke kaulahao i loko o ka polymer, e hoʻomau i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana, hiki ke kumu. hookui kea.
Inā loaʻa ka oxygen a i ʻole ka ozone i loko o ke kaiapuni, hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia ke ʻano o nā hopena oxidation e hana i hydroperoxides (ROOH), hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe hou ʻia i nā hui carbonyl.
Inā loaʻa nā koena metala i loko o ka polymer, a i ʻole nā iona metala e like me ke keleawe, ka hao, ka manganese a me ka cobalt i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka polymer i ka wā e hana ai a hoʻohana ʻia, e wikiwiki ka hopena degradation o ka polymer.
3. Nā ʻano o ka anti-aging o nā mea polymer
I kēia manawa, ʻo nā ala nui e hoʻomaikaʻi ai a hoʻomaikaʻi i nā waiwai anti-aging o nā mea polymer penei:
ʻO ka ʻelemakule o nā mea polymer, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka photooxygen aging, hoʻomaka mua mai ka ʻili o ka mea a i ʻole ka huahana, i hōʻike ʻia e like me ka discoloration, pauka, ʻokiʻoki, hāʻule ka nani, a laila hele mālie i loko.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā huahana lahilahi ma mua o nā huahana mānoanoa, no laila hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ke ola lawelawe o nā huahana e nā huahana mānoanoa.
No ka maʻalahi o ka ʻelemakule huahana, hiki ke uhi ʻia ma luna o ka ʻili a i uhi ʻia me kahi ʻāpana o ka pale ʻana i ke aniau maikaʻi, a i ʻole ma ka ʻaoʻao o waho o ka huahana composite papa o nā mea kūʻē maikaʻi, i hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻili o ka huahana i kahi papa. o ka papa pale, i mea e hooloihi ai i ka hana kahiko.
I ke kaʻina hana o ka synthesis a i ʻole ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana, nui nā mea i loaʻa i ka pilikia o ka ʻelemakule.Eia kekahi laʻana, ka hopena o ka wela i ka hana polymerization, kaʻelemakule o ka oxygen thermal i ke kaʻina hana a pēlā aku.No laila, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka hopena o ka oxygen ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea deoxygenation a i ʻole nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka polymerization a i ʻole kaʻina hana.
Eia naʻe, hiki i kēia ala ke hōʻoiaʻiʻo i ka hana o ka mea i loko o ka hale hana, a hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kēia ʻano mai ke kumu o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoponopono i kona pilikia ʻelemakule i ke kaʻina hana hou a hoʻohana.
Aia nā pūʻulu i maʻalahi loa i ka makahiki i loko o ka molecular structure o nā mea polymer he nui, no laila ma o ka hoʻolālā molecular structure o nā mea, hoʻololi i nā hui i maʻalahi ʻole i ka makahiki me nā hui maʻalahi hiki ke pāʻani i ka hopena maikaʻi.
A i ʻole ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā pūʻulu hana a i ʻole nā hanana me ka hopena anti-aging ma ke kaulahao polymer molecular e ka grafting a i ʻole copolymerization method, e hāʻawi ana i ka waiwai ponoʻī me ka hana anti-aging maikaʻi loa, he ʻano hana hoʻi i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e nā mea noiʻi, akā kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai. ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō i ka hana nui a me ka noi.
I kēia manawa, ʻo ke ala kūpono a me ke ʻano maʻamau e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kūʻē ʻana o nā mea polymer ʻo ia ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui anti-aging, i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a ʻaʻole pono e hoʻololi i ke kaʻina hana e kū nei.ʻElua mau ala nui e hoʻohui i kēia mau mea hoʻohui anti-aging:
Hoʻohui pololei o nā mea hoʻohui: nā mea hoʻohui anti-kahiko (pauka a wai paha) a me ka resin a me nā mea waiwai ʻē aʻe e hui pono ʻia a hoʻoulu ʻia ma hope o ka extrusion granulation a i ʻole injection molding, etc. hale hana hoolei injection.
ʻO ke ala hoʻohui masterbatch anti-aging: I nā mea hana me nā koi kiʻekiʻe no ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a me ka paʻa o ka maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka maʻamau o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka masterbatch anti-aging i ka hana.
He resin kūpono ka anti-aging masterbatch e like me ka mea lawe, i hui pū ʻia me nā ʻano mea hoʻohui anti-aging maikaʻi, a laila ma o twin-screw extruder co-extrusion granulation, aia kāna mau pono noi i nā mea hoʻohui anti-aging i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea hana mua masterbatch. ka mea i hoʻopuehu ʻia, no laila ka lōʻihi o ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻoili waiwai, loaʻa i ka mea kūʻai aku ka hoʻopuehu lua, No ka hoʻokō ʻana i ke kumu o ka hoʻopuehu like ʻana o nā mea kōkua i ka matrix material polymer, ʻaʻole wale e hōʻoia i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana paʻa, akā e pale pū kekahi. lepo lepo i ka wā o ka hana ʻana, e hoʻonui ana i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka palekana o ke kaiapuni.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻAukake-17-2022